However, such a moral transformation in the patient would not be effective without a social transformation. Psychoanalysis can only alleviate symptoms or delay them, since the patient learns about his repressed desires and is introduced to an alternate more flexible morality by the psychoanalyst. If the society is still as conservative, then the patient will still face a decision between satisfaction of his deviant libidinal impulses and social acceptance. In time, the ego that has gained strength and flexibility through psychoanalysis, will become rigid again through social influence so that the patient will still hold onto his high moral ideals. Since the development of ego is a social process, it is very hard for the patient to reject the moral values of his society to follow his deviant sexual desires and employ a liberated morality. Therefore, a complete cure to neurosis would not...
THE ROLE OF SOCIETY ON PSYCHE DEVELOPMENT AND HEALTH, PART4
April 3rd, 2009THE ROLE OF SOCIETY ON PSYCHE DEVELOPMENT AND HEALTH, PART2
April 3rd, 2009Libidinal development, in which society plays a big role, coincides with the development of the ego. According to Freud, sexual impulses are extraordinarily plastic; they can take on different forms, and if external reality does not allow one of them to be realized, the satisfaction of another can provide complete compensation. The form that these desires take, with the cathexis of the libido to a certain object or aim, is partly a result of biological growth. However, the society also plays a big role in shaping sexuality, since society is established on libidinal forces diverted from their biological aim and put to work for the continuance of society. ~ The normal libidinal development processes involve oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital phases in that order. The object of the libido is also altered during sexual development; the main sexual object is first the mother’s breast...
THE ROLE OF SOCIETY ON PSYCHE DEVELOPMENT AND HEALTH, PART1
April 3rd, 2009THE ROLE OF SOCIETY ON PSYCHE DEVELOPMENT AND HEALTH
The role of society development and health can be clearly seen in the Freudian theory of the mind and sexuality. Freud claims that humans have to forego some of their libidinal impulses to form a society, so that the tension between social norms and libidinal drive partitions the psyche into two entities: the id and the ego. The ego, which functions controller the desires of the id, is formed and shaped by the moral values of the society. Furthermore, the superego, the ego ideal that watches over the ego, is formed by the resolution of the Oedipus complex and is later influenced by social contact. Since neurosis involves a conflict between the morality of the socially constructed ego, the libidinal impulses of the id and external reality, it stems from social causes. According to Freud psychoanalysis, in which the therapist brings the repressed...
REGRESSION, EGO INSTINCTS AND TRANSFERENCE
April 3rd, 2009REGRESSION, EGO INSTINCTS AND TRANSFERENCE
In these chapters, Freud discusses how sexual frustration can lead to neurosis through regression and repression and how the patient can transfer his sexual conflicts onto the psychoanalyst in a process called transference. Freud claims that if the libido is not satisfied during childhood, these frustration moments can be fixated; again we see the importance of childhood and sexuality in human development. Later on in life, the individual can return to the moment of fixation, leaving the genital organization that is characteristic of the adulthood phase, and show the perverted sexual desires of childhood. In the previous chapters, Freud had introduced the concepts of libido and sexual organizations and in This chapter Freud develops them further under a very systematic approach to uncover the causes’ the hysteria. Freud believes that these external...
ON FREUD’S INTRODUCTORY LECTURES ON PSYCHO-ANALYSIS
April 3rd, 2009ON FREUD’S INTRODUCTORY LECTURES ON PSYCHO-ANALYSIS
In Lectures XIX, XX and XXI of the book Introductory Lectures on Psycho-analysis, Freud carries out his analysis of neurosis in a scientific manner. He starts out by introducing the problem of resistance of the neurotic to psychoanalysis, and claims that these forces are the same forces of repression that cause the symptoms. Later he makes the interesting claim that the repressed are the sexual instincts and the symptoms are a way of satisfying them. I found Freud’s argument very organized and convincing; he gives an account for all phenomena and even answers to possible questions so that every argument is linked together in a logical network. Freud also tries to provide real life examples whenever he can, such as the behavior of children, sexually deviant people and even Ancient Egyptians when he explains the phenomena of finger...
Chinese religion, nr5
April 3rd, 20093- In the art of the Han, representations of virtuous figures from the past were often intended to show the correct social code for behavior and set examples to the society. For example the carvings of virtuous women and filial piety on the walls of the Wu Liang Shrine all show virtuous characters who behave in an exemplary ways. The women in the pictures are chaste, obedient to their husbands, self-sacrificing and wise; they have the qualities which the Confucian society favors. Therefore they are intended to show the society how to behave. These figures are representations of social codes rather than personalized portraitures whose main purpose is to depict a person’s features. We can understand this from the lack of details and individualism in the pictures. The lacquer paintings decorating the famous basket of Lolang also illustrate figures which embody the virtue of filial piety...
Chinese religion, nr4
April 3rd, 20092- (b) Module systems are excellent ways to create objects of great variety in large quantities. In module systems, there are several kinds of modules which serve as the building blocks of objects. These modules are then combined in various possible combinations to make up objects. I think the terra-cotta figures do not contradict Ledderose’s theory of the module system because they are made up of distinct building blocks assembled together in different combinations. For example, the hands are made up of standardized, prefabricated parts like thumb and palm put in a limited amount of different combinations. The hands are all the same size but since they are put together in different ways they, have different functions. Therefore we see the module system in hands; they are made up of standardized parts. Module system is also evident in other areas of the body in terra-cotta figures....